Prostaglandins are produced in the seminal vesicles in the male reproductive system. Seminal fluid contains fructose which is the main source of energy for the sperm during movement through the uterus to the oviduct. It also contains proteins, citric acid, inorganic phosphorous, potassium, and prostaglandins. The main role of prostaglandins is to aid fertilization by aiding the movement of sperm up the oviduct.
Role of the prostate gland, epididymis, vas deferens, and bulbourethral glands
Prostate gland
This gland secretes a prostate fluid which is a major component of semen, containing enzymes, zinc, and citric acid. This fluid nourishes and protects the sperm.
Epididymis
The function of the epididymis is to transport and store sperm once produced in the testes. During sexual arousal, it contracts to force the sperm into the vas deferens.
Vas deferens
The function of vas deferens is to transport sperm to the urethra in preparation for ejaculation.
Bulbourethral glands
The function of bulbourethral glands is to produce mucus that contains glycoproteins that lubricates the urethra and penis tip, expelling any urine residue, dead cells or mucous through the urethra to prepare a pathway for ejaculation, and lastly, neutralize urethra acidity.
Prostaglandins
Other names: Prostaglandin D2; prostaglandin E2; prostaglandin F2; prostaglandin I2
Prostaglandins are produced by glands at the location where they are needed. This hormone can be produced in almost all cells and parts of the body dealing with injury and illness.
Functions of prostaglandins in the body
- Prostaglandins control various processes in tissues and organs especially during the process of healing after injury. When a tissue is injured, prostaglandins cause inflammation, pain, and fever to induce healing as more white blood cells are transported to the injured tissue.
- They also cause the blood vessels to contract so as to prevent excessive blood loss.
- Prostaglandins are involved in regulating the process of relaxation and contraction of muscles in the alimentary canal as well as in the respiratory system.
- Prostaglandins are highly involved in both female and male reproductive processes. In the female, they control ovulation, the menstrual cycle, as well as labour. In the male, they aid in the movement of sperm through the uterus into the fallopian tube.
