The GLOBE project identified nine cultural dimensions:41
- Uncertainty avoidance is defined as the extent to which members of an organi- zation or society strive to avoid uncertainty by reliance on social norms, rituals, and bureaucratic practices to alleviate the unpredictability of future events.
- Power distance is defined as the degree to which members of an organiza- tion or society expect and agree that power should be unequally shared.
- Collectivism I: Societal collectivism refers to the degree to which organiza- tional and societal institutional practices encourage and reward collective distribution of resources and collective action.
- Collectivism II: In-group collectivism refers to the degree to which individu- als express pride, loyalty, and cohesiveness in their organizations or families.
- Gender egalitarianism is defined as the extent to which an organization or a society minimizes gender role differences and gender discrimination.
- Assertiveness is defined as the degree to which individuals in organizations or societies are assertive, confrontational, and aggressive in social relationships.
- Future orientation is defined as the degree to which individuals in organiza- tions or societies engage in future-oriented behaviors such as planning, investing in the future, and delaying gratification.
- Performance orientation refers to the extent to which an organization or society encourages and rewards group members for performance improve- ment and excellence.
- Humane orientation is defined as the degree to which individuals in organi- zations or societies encourage and reward individuals for being fair, altruis- tic, friendly, generous, caring, and kind to others.
