List the enzymes involved in digesting each category of foodstuff. Indicate the source and control of secretion of each of the enzymes.

List the enzymes involved in digesting each category of foodstuff. Indicate the source and control of secretion of each of the enzymes.

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February 24, 2022
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List the enzymes involved in digesting each category of foodstuff. Indicate the source and control of secretion of each of the enzymes.

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Answer
The three different categories of energy-rich nutrients have different digestive enzymes that work on them. For carbohydrates, one of the enzymes is amylase, which is produced in the salivary glands and the exocrine pancreas. Salivary amylase is made along with the other components of saliva when various receptors in the mouth detect the presence of food, or when food is perceived, such as seeing, smelling, or even thinking about food. Pancreatic amylase is made continuously by the pancreas, with it being stored in vesicles until it is needed.

Another set of enzymes used to digest carbohydrates are the disaccharidases, which include maltase, sucrose-isomaltase, and lactase. All of them are made by the epithelial cells in the small intestine. The disaccharidases are not secreted, since they are actually bound to the outer membrane of the epithelial cells.

In order to digest proteins, one of the primary enzymes used is that of pepsin, which is made by the chief cells of the stomach. Technically, it is first made in its inactive form in response to ACh and gastrin, and then activated by HCl.

There are also the pancreatic enzymes of trypsin, chemotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase, which are made by the exocrine pancreas. Those enzymes are made continuously, and are stored in vesicles until needed.

Also used to digest protein is the enzyme aminopeptidase, which is made by the epithelial cells of the small intestine. But it is not secreted, since the enzyme is actually bound to the surface membrane of the cells.

In order to digest fats, the enzyme lipase is needed, which is made by the exocrine pancreas. The lipase is also made continuously, with it being stored in vesicles until it is needed.

Note that bile salts are also used to digest fats, but they are not enzymes.

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